In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essays

In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essays In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essay In 1955 Pakistan International Airline Formed Tourism Essay Essay In 1955 Pakistan International Airline formed. It is the 16th largest air hose in Asia, runing scheduled services to 73 finishs throughout Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America, every bit good as an extended domestic web associating 24 finishs. PIA is three stars International Airline. In our study we did SWOT analysis and PEST analysis on PIA, place major strength we find as taking market place, trade name acknowledgment, superior operating construction, web presence, hub airdrome at Karachi, and effectual usage of engineering. Formulation on GOVT regulation, High dependences on rider grosss, high debt, and trust on oil monetary values are major failing, chances are like holding MAX path and fleet, growing demand for low cost air hose, client trueness, switching client demands and industry recovery, and major menaces are high involvement rates, accidents, strong competition by Air blue, involvement and foreign currency exchange rates, and diminution in industry. In PEST analysis we discover major Government s active function in increasing competition in the air hose industry, rising prices rate, turning of societal environment of Pakistan progressive with the new government. Invention in engineering, and its impact on dist ribution and cost synergisms from industry consolidation. We recommend PIA for better service to deconcentrate its direction system, develop SBUs, follow crystalline publicity constabularies, employee authorization to increase the employee motive and moral. Try to diminish its operating expense cost, follow effectual selling policy, two manner communicating and TQM. Upgrade its fleet ; buy new Airplane with duplicate engines these will cut down the operating cost of PIA. Improve control over menus. Hire the services of IT specializers ; better service criterions concentrating on quality. Pakistan International Airlines Introduction: When Pakistan was founded in 1947 it comprised two districts on either side of the sweep of India. It was in this unusual circumstance that Pakistan International was formed in 1955. Despite wars and economic problem, the bearer survived to turn and thrive. Pakistan International Airlines is the flag bearer air hose of Pakistan, based in Karachi. It is the 16th largest air hose in Asia, runing scheduled services to 73 finishs throughout Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America, every bit good as an extended domestic web associating 24 finishs. Its chief bases are Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, the Allama Iqbal International Airport, Lahore and the Islamabad International Airport, Islamabad/Rawalpindi. The air hose besides has secondary bases, including Peshawar International Airport, Faisalabad International Airport, Quetta International Airport and Multan International Airport, from which it connects the metropolitan metropoliss with the chief bases, the Middle East and the Far East. The air hose is owned by the Government of Pakistan ( 87 % ) and other stockholders ( 13 % ) . It has 19,263 employees ( at March 2007 ) . AIRLINE INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN: There are 36 operational airdromes. Karachi is Pakistan s chief airdrome but important degrees of both domestic and international lading are besides handled at Islamabad and Lahore. Pakistan International Airlines ( PIA ) , the public sector air hose, though confronting the competition from a few private air hoses, carries about 70 per centum of domestic riders and about equal domestic cargo traffic. The transit sector histories for about 10.5 per centum of the state s GDP and 27.4 per centum of Gross Fixed Capital Formation ( GFCF ) in FY06. It provides over 6 per centum of employment in the state and receives 12 to 16 per centum of the one-year Federal Public Sector Development Program ( PSDP ) . Government bureaus dominate the sector. Hierarchy of PIA: This organisation is divided into following sections: Human Resource and Administration, Marketing, Corporate Planning, Information Services, Finance, Flight Services, Flight Operation, Engineering, Procurement and Logistics, Customer Services, Training and Development, Quality Assurance. The organ gm of the organisation follows, with the Chairman at the top and managers of sections describing to him. The construction is centralized with the top-level direction doing the determinations. Corporate VISION OF PIA: To be a universe category air hose transcending client outlooks through dedicated employees Committed to excellence. Corporate Mission As a Symbol of National Pride, We Aspire to be a Choice Airline, Operating Productively on Modern Commercial constructs and Capable of Competing with the Best in the International every bit good as Domestic markets. Valuess: 6.1 ) . Customer Expectations: PIA is the most sure name in the industry. The ground of its good will is harmonizing the outlook of their clients that PIA has fulfilled ever. By supplying competitory duty, extended attention, and convenience to their valued and possible clients. 6.2 ) . Service: PIA purposes at supplying valuable and alone services to its clients. They are more individualized and gracious to their clients. The services are valuable and rare ; this is the ground why clients trust PIA. 28 Nov 2004, Pakistan International Airlines Pia passed the IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) benchmark for planetary safety direction The IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) is the benchmark for planetary safety direction in air hoses KARACHI, 22 October 2007 Abacus Pakistan officially launched Abacus Travel Secure with AIG, supplying local travel agents and travellers easy and convenient entree to AIG s travel insurance policies. Available for the first clip in Pakistan, Abacus Travel Secure brings existent clip and immediate activation of travel insurance policies to the Pakistan travel industry with a more streamlined and clip salvaging application procedure for travel agents 6.3 ) Invention: PIA presently has a figure of 43 fleets and purposes at increasing this Numberss to 53 by the following few years.PIA is adoptive to alterations and believe in invention that s create new thoughts and interpreting these thoughts into action. 6.4 ) Dependability: PIA is the most experience air hose with its service with more than 53 old ages. This has built in PIA has become the most dependable air hose. PIA is known for its trueness and consistence. 6.5 ) Safety: The most ambitious duty of any organisation is to supply complete satisfaction to its employees and clients together. This satisfaction rewards favourable and easy on the job conditions. The in-flight services are clients friendly and the organisational the organisational environment is besides employees oriented. 6.6 ) Coherence: PIA has 12 sections working in their ain way and besides provides a figure of services including speedex messenger service, providing etc. The most impressive portion is these all section and services are integrated in a cohesive manner. Servicess PIA offers two types of services. Business Class Economy Class Business Class It s the lone Business Class service that feels like First Class. A comfy place makes all the difference on a long flight. PIA s Business Class Seats elevate the construct of luxury to a new degree, to the full backing your determination to take PIA Business Class Sit back and relax in our sole Business Class Lounges at the Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad airdromes. Our hospitable staff will guarantee that you re good looked after during your stay with us at the airdrome Business Class riders geting at Airport will have a warm welcome from PIA. Our representatives will walk you right through all the arrival formalities so that you do nt hold to stand in line or concern about clearance. Economy Class: PIA s economic system category is besides comfy for rider as Business category. Economy Class offer seats with a 32-inch pitch, adjustable footstools and winglet head restraints for improved cervix comfort. The personal Television provides ongoing amusement including sound and video on-demand picks. Passengers enjoy the same lovingness service from our flight attenders, along with skilfully prepared repasts and a broad scope of in-flight amusement options to take from. Free newspapers are besides provided to all Economy category riders. The PIA in-flight magazine, Hamsafar, is provided to all riders on all international flights. Humsafar was introduced on PIA flights in 1980 and it is published bi-monthly.PIA is supplying its service in 25 citations of Pakistan domestically which are as follows: Giigit Chitral Skardu Saidu Sarif Capital of pakistan Peshawar Sialkot D.I, Khan Lahore Lyallpur Multan Zhob D.G.Khan Quetta Bahawalpur Rahim Yar Khan Dalbandin Sukkar Panjgor Sukkar Jacoababad Turbat Moemjodaro Gwadar Pasni Karachis Gross Composition: Harmonizing to the latest study of PIA, 87 % of gross generates from riders, 8 % of gross generates from lading and staying 5 % consists of others. Fleet Pakistan International Airlines fleet includes the followers aircraft ( as of May 2008 ) Major Rivals: PIA is keeping the first place in market. It has 48 % market portion. Its major rivals are Airblue and Shaheen International Airline. Airblue has a market portion of 35 % while Shaheen International Airline has 17 % market portion. Peoples feel esteemed to go with PIA as comparison to Airblue and others. Latest merchandises by PIA nad qulaity accomplishments: Boeing-777 operating to middle E Flight Barcelona Associating Abu Dhabi and rahim yar khan Flights from D.I.Khan to Peshawar and Islamabad Early bargain cheaper fly Bradford- Islamabad Nov halt! Pak A ; Glasgow Flight from Multan and D.G khan to Dubai Lowest concern category menu paksitan Dubai Connecting Multan and Quetta, Islamabad with Chitral and Nawabshah with Hyderabad. Promoting web fining and SMS engagement, Ticketing bringing at Door measure 9.1 ) IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) benchmark: 28 Nov 2004, Pakistan International Airlines Pia passed the IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) benchmark for planetary safety direction The IATA Operational Safety Audit ( IOSA ) is the benchmark for planetary safety direction in airlines.A 9.2 ) E-Ticketing: KARACHI, 22 October 2007 Abacus Pakistan officially launched Abacus Travel Secure with AIG, supplying local travel agents and travellers easy and convenient entree to AIG s travel insurance policies. Available for the first clip in Pakistan, Abacus Travel Secure brings existent clip and immediate activation of travel insurance policies to the Pakistan travel industry with a more streamlined and clip salvaging application procedure for travel agents. 9.3 ) 3Star Graded air hose: SKYTRAX introduced the World Airline Star RatingAÂ ® programme in 2000 the Quality Analysis system that ranks air hose merchandise and service criterions, based on professional rating by air hose audit specializers. To accomplish SKYTRAX Approved Airlinea„?A position, air hoses are subjected to a really elaborate Quality rating across all countries of their front-line Product and Service criterions by Skytrax covering all countries that riders will typically experience during their trip. SKYTRAX Approved Airline rating covers over 750 facets of merchandise and service quality measuring, and is split across both airdrome and onboard environments airdrome services based around an air hose s place base airdrome. QUALITY RANKING USED IN AIRLINE RATING SUMMARY BELOW A =A Excellent A =A Good A = Fair A =A Poor A = Very hapless A : :A PIA PAKISTAN INTERNATIONALA : : a 3 Star Airline A A PIA Pakistan Intl Passenger Remarks Home Base Airport Ranking =A Karachi Airport SUMMARY RANKINGA Combined Quality of ProductA / Staff service in airdrome and onboard environments Business Class Premium Economy ClassA Economy ClassA Airport ServicesA Check-In service Business Class Check-In service Economy Class Transportation Services Business Class Transportation Services Economy Class Arrival Servicess Business Class Lounge merchandise installations Business Class Lounge staff service Onboard FeaturesA Inflight amusement may change harmonizing to aircraft type Cabin Safety Procedures Inflight Entertainment Comfortss, Blankets, Pillows, Towels etc Airline Magazine, Newspapers A ; other mags Cabin Seat ComfortA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Seat Guide Seating may change harmonizing to aircraft type Business ClassA long draw Business ClassA short draw Premium Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA short draw Onboard CateringA Business ClassA long draw Business ClassA short draw Premium Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA long draw Economy ClassA short draw Cabin Staff ServiceA Business Class service efficiency Business Class staff attitude A ; friendliness Premium Economy Class service efficiency Premium Economy Class staff attitude A ; friendliness Economy Class service efficiency Economy Class staff attitude A ; friendliness Reacting to Passenger petitions Cabin presence through flights Helping Parents with kids Staff Language Skills SWOT ANALYSIS 10.1 ) Strength: . Leading MARKET Position: PIA is one of Pakistan s taking air bearers, with more than 800 day-to-day flights. Around 150,000 riders a month fly on PIA, doing it one of the major operators in the domestic market in footings of rider kilometres. PIA s international market portion was 43.5 % , In the Domestic market, its market portion was 69.4 % . On a system-wide footing, PIA s market portion was 51.2 % at the terminal of twelvemonth 2007.Its strong market place is driven by systematically low menus every bit good as dependable service, frequent and convenient flights, usage of new engineerings like e-ticketing and self check-in terminuss, comfy cabins and superior client service. BRAND Recognition: PIA has high trade name callback. It is recognized by travellers all over the state. PIA is a national air hose, runing rider and lading services covering 82 domestic and foreign. PIA has earned the figure one ranking in client satisfaction. This strong market place gives the company a scale advantage and helps it beef up its trade name image. SUPERIOR OPERATING Structure: PIA has maintained its place as the low cost bearer. It has been first category Pakistani air hose to utilize the latest engineering. Factors lending consists of different series of Boeing and Airbus and an efficient, high-utilization and point- to-point path construction. Flying one type of aircraft significantly simplifies programming, care, flight operations, and preparation activities. PIA has continually achieved high plus use and employee efficiency. Superior operating construction serves as the primary competitory advantage of PIA. NETWORK PRESENCE: PIA enjoys a strong web in cardinal domestic and international finishs. The company s web includes three the major airdromes in Pakistan, every bit good as major international airdrome such as Dubai International Airport. Having a strong web agencies that PIA can bring forth traffic provender for both its domestic and international Flights. HUB AIRPORT AT KARACHI: PIA operates from its hub in Jinnah International Airport, Karachi. Jinnah International is one of the universe s busiest airdromes in footings of figure of riders carried. It is besides one of the largest international gateways to Asia. It is besides the taking international air rider ( and lading ) gateway to Pakistan. The company s strong presences in airdromes with heaviest traffic degrees in Pakistan give it a competitory advantage. EFFECTIVE USE OF TECHNOLOGY: PIA has successfully incorporated latest engineering in all its systems, giving it an border over rivals. PIA takes recognition for presenting most new engineerings to the Pakistani market. It was the 2nd bearer in Pakistan to integrate the c-ticketing system and the 2nd in South Asia to present self look into in systems at the Jinnah International Airport, Karachi. 10.2 ) Failing: Formulation OF GOVT. Rules: The Basic defect of this organisation is its consolidation that is centralised system. The cardinal policies, schemes and set of Torahs are designed by the upper direction. The centralised system is one of the biggest obstructions of long term success of PIA. PIA centralizes construction lead to barrel between different degree of direction, decreased motive, difficult entree to information. High DEPENDENCE ON PASSENGER REVENUES: Passenger grosss accounted for 87 per centum of the PIA s entire gross in 2007. Cargo services allow air hoses to bring forth extra grosss from bing rider flights. In add-on, lading grosss are normally counter cyclical to passenger grosss and have lower demand snap than rider concern, which allows air hoses to go through on fuel monetary value hikings to clients. Debt: PIA has a important sum of 42 billion debts. Current and hereafter debts could hold of import effects for stakeholders of the company. For illustration, debt could impair PIA ability to do investings and obtain extra funding for working capital, capital outgos, acquisitions or general corporate or other intents. Debts could besides set PIA at a competitory disadvantage to rivals that have lesser debt and could besides increase the company s exposure to involvement rate additions. Reliance ON OIL PRICES: PIA s sustainability, growing and grosss straight depend on oil monetary values. A steep rise in oil monetary values can earnestly damage the long term viability of any air hose. Recently many air hoses around the universe went insolvents due to lifting oil monetary values. Airlines need to fudge against this hazard by taking proper steps. Opportunities: . HAVING THE MAXIMUM ROUTE AND FLEET: PIA is holding the maximal path and fleet domestic and international finishs web in Pakistan as compared to its Competitors. Route and swift enlargement will positively impact the company s operations by increasing grosss. Turning DEMAND FOR LOW COST AIRLINES: The turning demand for air travel is driven by lower menus and consumer assurance. A study by International Aviation Authority showed that ticket monetary value is the figure one standard for riders when choosing a flight, good in front of the handiness of a non-stop service. CUSTOMER LOYALTY: PIA s frequent circular and trueness plans can assist it retain clients. PIA s Awards+plus ( frequent circular plan ) was established to develop rider trueness by offering awards and services to frequent travellers. Such schemes encourage repetition travel on PIA, as riders seek to accrue the benefits given to regular travellers. This enables the air hose to retain clients and cut down costs, as it does non hold to pass money aiming new clients to replace those lost to other air hoses. Shift CUSTOMER NEEDS: The demands of air riders are progressively altering, as they are going more and more monetary value medium. If PIA succeeds in doing its monetary values more competitory, so the company will be able to derive important market portion. INDUSTRY Recovery: Market analysts believe that the planetary air hose industry will see an upturn in lucks over the following few old ages. This represents an chance for PIA, as it could bring forth increased grosss and bid market portion if it capitalizes on additions in demand. . Menace High Interest Ratess: The past few old ages have seen State Bank of Pakistan impose high every bit good as low involvement rates to look into rising prices and the over warming of Pakistani economic system. Inflation in Pakistan may see another rise in the short-run. Accidents: There had been five accidents with PIA listed as below: Pakistan International Airlines Flight PK 705 was a Boeing 720 040 B that crashed while falling to set down on Runway 34 at Cairo International Airport on May 20, 1965 ensuing in 119 human deaths. Pakistan International Airlines Flight PK740 was a Boeing 707-340C that crashed after takeoff from Jeddah International Airport on November 26, 1979. All 156 aboard were killed. Pakistan International Airlines Flight 268 was an Airbus A300B4-203, enrollment AP-BCP, which crashed on attack to Kathmandu s Tribhuvan International Airport on September 28, 1992. All 167 on board were killed. PIA Flight 554 is the flight figure of a Pakistan International Airlines ( PIA ) Fokker F27 that was hijacked on May 25, 1998. The flight started its journey at Gwadar in Balochistan after arising in Turbat, and was winging to Pakistan s southern port metropolis of Karachi. The aircraft was transporting 24 riders and 5 crew members. Pakistan International Airlines Flight 688 ( PK688, PIA688 ) was scheduled to run from Multan to Lahore and Islamabad at 12:05 autopsy on July 10, 2006. It crashed into a field after spliting into fires a few proceedingss after takeoff from Multan International Airport. All 41 riders and four crewmembers on board were killed. PIA has to continuously guarantee extreme safety and security of its riders. Accidents can adversely impact client assurance in PIA and consequence in declined grosss escalating competition. Strong COMPETITION BY AIRBLUE: PIA is now viing against bearers such as Airblue and Shaheen Airline. PIA remains Airblue s strongest rival because of the immense market it has gained over clip, strong trade name image and client trueness. PIA has started new low-fares subordinate PIA Express to halt the Airblue market portion turning to fast. Furthermore, major bequest air hoses have been concentrating on restructuring costs, which has improved their fight. With costs restructured, the bequest air hoses are going more formidable rivals in footings of increasing capacity, fiting monetary values and leveraging their frequent flyer plans. Increasing competition could adversely impact the company s borders. Interest AND FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE Ratess: Fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates can hold a important impact on PIA s net incomes. For illustration, as PIA is supplying its services to the UK. Negative or positive effects arise from exchange rate motions as alteration in disbursals. Strengthening of foreign currencies against the British Pound will positively impact PIA and frailty versa. DECLINE IN AIRLINE INDUSTRY: A figure of factors have caused the current diminution in the air hose industry. For illustration, the menace of farther terrorist onslaughts since September 11 and a autumn in the figure of concern travellers have both caused rider Numberss to fall. These and other factors may go on to impact demand for air travel in the hereafter, which will impact grosss of PIA. The menace of terrorist act may deter people from going by air and could particularly cut down the figure of riders going on international flights. Plague Analysis The macro-environment includes all factors act uponing a company that are non within its control. These include political, societal, economic and technological factors. These are known as PEST factors. A technique of analysis of the macro environment is PEST analysis. Environmental analysis should be uninterrupted waterless precede all facets of planning. Since the air hose industry is really much influenced by alterations taking topographic point in the environment and has undergone rapid and dramatic alterations during the last decennary, this analysis is particularly of import for PIA. Political Factor: Political factors ever have a great influence on the manner concerns operate in the air hose industry and the disbursement power of clients. In recent old ages it has been observed that authorities played an active function in increasing competition in the air hose industry. A figure of new air hoses such as AirBlue and JS Air have been awarded licences to come in the domestic market. Pakistan has achieved some political stableness in recent old ages. If the direction of PIA believes that the present authorities will execute good ( systematically ) , so there will be more investing in the signifier of purchase of new aeroplanes and latest engineering. The over all industry will turn ensuing in more epicurean and comfy flights. With the military coup detat authorities policies have become more broad. Economic Factor: Presently, Airlines industry has three major participants: Pakistan International Airlines, an Airblue, Aero Asia and Shaheen Airlines. Their mark market includes domestic travellers every bit good as Pakistanis populating abroad peculiarly in the UK and USA. These states have strong economic systems coupled with high buying power. Customers purchase behaviour depends really much on monetary values of the viing air hoses every bit good as services offered. As rising prices rate is unstable in Pakistan, passing power of consumers has effected in the long term. In fact growing in Pakistani economic system has resulted in an addition in passing power and has positively impacted the air hose industry. Economically, the new millenary has been extremely volatile ; the September 11 onslaughts revolutionized the whole universe. Consequently, there was a planetary depression in the North America, South America, Australia and Europe. However, in Asia particularly Pakistan the consequence in the short term was otherwise. The economic system began to din because of greater remittals from abroad and whole amount in-migration by exiles. As a consequence, demand for air travel in South Asia rose. Economic conditions of Pakistan are nevertheless bettering. PIA has cost a advantage over its rivals because of its freshly acquired, improved, long distance aircrafts from Boeing which give longer scope and better fuel economic system than any other jet presently produced. This cost advantage is a barrier to entry for new houses. However, this cost advantage will non be important on domestic paths. SOCIAL FACTORS: The societal waterless cultural influences on concern vary from state to state. The societal construction of Pakistan is closely tied. The tendency is now altering as the general populace is educated and is prosecuting professional ends. Customers are more cognizant of market conditions and available options and want to acquire best value for their money. They spend considerable clip and money on amusement hence increasing the demand of in-flight amusement systems. Besides, word of oral cavity has a important impact in the usage of air hose services. Hajj attracts a immense figure of clients. The societal environment of Pakistan is turning broad with the new government. The enterprise to automatize check-in and ticket engagement procedure might non be really popular with the general populace ( even educated population ) is still engineering averse. E-ticketing might besides confront important challenges as consumers are by and large loath to supply their recognition cards information over the phone and the cyberspace. The consumers, nevertheless, have a warm reaction to the chance of less dearly-won but choice service flights. six ) TECHNOLOGICAL Factor: Technology is critical for competitory advantage and is a major driver of the air hoses industry. Major technological alterations are taking topographic point in the air hoses industry with inventions in the reserves and booking systems. In-flight amusement systems and car cheque in counters are two illustrations of such inventions. Internet plays a cardinal function in e-ticketing as consumer can easy reserve tickets or look into the position of the flight. A cardinal issue will be the extent, to which technological promotions ( such as Internet ) impact distribution and cost synergisms from industry consolidation, can countervail upward force per unit areas on costs. PIA has ever led the way of technological inventions by presenting new engineerings in front of its rivals such as its car check-in counters which has helped it derive market portion. It was the first air hose in Pakistan to put in Sabre system followed by the market leader. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES Decentralization: PIA should deconcentrate its construction that would take to the easy direction, increased motive, easy entree to information and declaration of the struggles ( as they would be resolved by the immediate trough clip span would so cut down ) . Since employees issues sing their behaviour would decrease, so it would finally take to more satisfied employees that would ensue in enhanced productiveness of the organisation. Strategic Business Unit: PIA should do its different sections into Strategic Business Unit. Every SBU should hold a defined concern scheme and a director with gross revenues and net income duty. As PIA is a big organisation, so it must be convert into SBUs.Different factors should be determined for the success of SBUs which as follows. The grade of liberty given to each SBU director. The grade to which an SBU portions functional plans and installations with other SBU s The mode in which the corporation evaluates and rewards the public presentation of its SBU directors Transparent policy acceptance: PIA should follow transparent policy that employees should be promoted on merit footing. And Chairman of PIA should be appointed from with in the organisation. Union should back up it, it will actuate the employees and PIA will turn in net income. PIA should non invest new employees till the clip they are needed on the footing of my personal observation at Rawalpindi station I have seen that a undertaking which can be performed by individual PIA had 3 employees for that.PIA should give fillip to the hardworking and competent employees. Employee Authorization: PIA should do attempts towards authorising the employees that is traveling to take to more employee engagement in the determination devising procedure and besides consequence in more employee satisfaction and enhanced motive. Apart from this, employees would experience more independent to discourse the issues explicitly without vacillation. This would besides heighten squad work procedure at PIA as quality squad and cross-functional squads. The employees will work with more committedness and dedication and every employee would work to his/her fullest due to increased motive. However, with empowerment comes answerability, so it is suggested that while they empower their employees, there should besides be a controlled cheque on them to result the right use of power delegated to every employees within their limited bounds. Overhead Costss: PIA should besides cut down its operating expense costs that are it should mange its resources: labour more efficaciously, so that with less input, more out put can be achieved and the saved resources can be utilized in other countries such as presenting more preparation classs for the employees so that the quality of the work force could be increased. Hiring the services of expertness can better the efficiency of their services, so by salvaging the operating expense costs, they can use that money for the expertness services. So by analysing the assorted sections of the organisation and doing the right corrections, it can well better the criterions of Organizational behaviour. Selling policy: PIA should follow good selling policies so that it will convey higher net income and maximal use of its available resources, Business sector should be attracted to run at full potency. Bipartisan Communication: The suggestions of the employees can turn out to be really effectual in bettering the operations, as they are the 1s who manage them. Therefore, a top-down attack should be replaced with bipartisan communications. In this manner, the employees would experience motivated and valued, as they would be included in decision-making Entire Quality Management: Entire quality direction should be catered to within the work groups and execution of assorted skill sweetening plans for quality and productiveness betterments such as Six Sigma should be provided to its executive employees. Other recommendations are as follow: PIA should upgrade its fleet as it s doing the air hose higher operating cost and PIA is incurring loss.PIA should buy new Airplane with duplicate engines these will cut down the operating cost of PIA Airline should concentrate on the client s satisfaction, refund procedure should be promptly so that client remains loyal to trade name. There should be control on the addition of menus, as mediocre are in bulk in Pakistan, and it is extremely hard for to even believe about the air going. Management should believe over it and at least they can get down a new packaged flight twice a hebdomad holding 50 % menus. Unnecessary installations provided to the Government Department should non be discouraged but with drawn as it causes fiscal losingss. Management should concentrate on computerized system up step and execution. Management should engage the services of specialised IT forces for their system development and up step on clip. There should be clear and even distribution of work and merely qualified individual should be appointed on occupations. There should be improved service criterions and that should concentrate on quality. PIA should offer its services of reserve and place verification with by SMS and flight verification message should besides be sent via SMS to the rider. PIA should give more inducements to its frequent circular as it will bring forth more trade name trueness by giving better inducements to the clients. Comparison of PIA with Different Airlines After carry oning the research in the Preston University, EMBA pupils have rated the different air hoses in the undermentioned mode. Properties Pia Air Blue Shaheen Air Finishs 6 5 4 Punctuality 5 6 4 Quality Food 5 6 5 Customer service 6 5 5 Economic 5 5 5 Technological Promotions 5 5 5 Servicess 5 5 4 Corporate image 6 3 4 Entire Points 43 40 36

Analysis of the Death Penalty and Presidential, Parliamentary Systems Essay

Analysis of the Death Penalty and Presidential, Parliamentary Systems - Essay Example Justices can often state in their decisions what they believe is right or wrong, but this can sometimes be in contradiction to their overall decision. Thus, overall, a Supreme Court decision would offer a verdict and explain that it is valid because it complies with the Constitution and other laws. An editorial would be more rhetorical in nature, as it would not cite the legality of the death penalty as well as its preceding use as evidence supporting its current use, as this would be arguing why the death penalty is Constitutional or not. Instead, the editorial would persuade the reader why the death penalty is or is not necessary, efficient, or of use, regardless of its legal status, and thus the writer would have a goal of being subjective and persuasive rather than objective and decisive. 2. Official agreements between countries tend to closely resemble the structure of a contract. They provide for the conditions of the contract, the duration of the contract, and who is involved. They would also list exceptions and contingencies for violation of the contracts. It would, of course, be written and express, rather than being verbal or implied, so that the relationship and agreement between countries are clearly defined and stated.

Opposition to Medical Marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Opposition to Medical Marijuana - Essay Example Over the past two decades, however, a growing controversy has arisen regarding the classification of marijuana as having no legitimate medical purpose. There is growing support among the public and the medical community to rewrite the laws currently prohibiting use of marijuana so that its medical benefits can be of use for those with no other outlet. Marijuana has been used for medical purposes in the U.S. since at least the 19th century. Legal at the time, the drug was instantly popular as a treatment for pain ranging form headaches to menstrual cramps. Of course, simply using a drug to treat pain is not the same as evidence that it does treat the pain. Proponents of legalizing marijuana use for medical reasons raise evidence that marijuana has been proven effective in treating everything from glaucoma to cancer. It has even been hailed as being capable of prolonging the life of Aids patients. Closer scrutiny of the available scientific research, however, reveals that marijuana simply falls far short of what is commonly considered a medical treatment. Dr. Lester Grinspoon, an associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard, is one of those leading the call for reclassifying marijuana so that it can be used as a medicine. ... on would be unthinkable." Grinspoon is apparently willing to ignore that at one time or another throughout history a large majority of doctors were firm believers in treatments that run directly counter to the overwhelming majority opinion today. Indeed, the very idea that just because a minority of doctors would make a suggestion then that makes strengthens your case is fallacious. After all, if 44% said they would recommend marijuana treatment, doesn't that by definition mean that 56% of doctors would advise against it Grinspoon certainly does not rest his case based solely upon physician surveys, but the fact that puts such stock in the findings does not help his credibility. The credibility of the pro-medicinal marijuana movement cannot help but be considered a large issue. Opponents typically take the argument that the movement to allow legal medicinal use is just the first step in a plan to decriminalize marijuana entirely. This perspective has not been helped by certain facets of the pro-legalization movement. A former director of Director of National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), Keith Stroup, addressed the true motivation of the push to legalize marijuana for medicinal use as far back as 1979 when he gave a speech at Emory University audience that "medicinal marijuana would be used as a red herring to give marijuana a good name" (Souder, and Zimmer). Richard Cowan, a writer for the pro-marijuana High Times Magazine, would be even more explicit, explaining in no uncertain terms how the pro-legalization movement has used "medical model as spearheading a strategy for the legalization of marijuana by 1997" (Souder, and Zimmer). The movement suffered a major setback in 1997 failed to get a ballot initiative passed in

Analysis of Nano Energy Water Flask Company

Analysis of Nano Energy Water Flask Company 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Business Idea and Goals CEC Trading Ltd. is a Nano Energy Water Flask trading company in Miri, Sarawak. The products that we sell are water flasks that release charges to the water with high amount of negative ions, which is good for our body. This company intends to be the best water flasks trader in Malaysia. It is because the water flasks that this company is selling are one of a kind. It also made up of good quality and the price is very affordable. Three elements that this company concentrates on in order to reach our goal are our customers, our supplier and our employees. The major shareholder of this company (Vivian Ngu) intended to initiate the business with more than 5 employees and sell approximately 10500 water flasks in the first year which will increase in rational amount in the following month. The company intends to generate at least MYR 294,000 in sales revenue and make MYR 65,200 profit in the end of its first year of trading. 1.2 Marketing The main targets of this business are customers; range from students to workers, most likely everyone. Our company has a warehouse for storing the water flasks and we had chosen a strategic place which is situated at Jalan Bintang, Shop Lot No. 68. On the other hand, our company is selling the Nano Energy water flasks in Parkson, which is located in a shopping mall named Bintang Plaza. The reason we chose Bintang Plaza as the main location for our business is because of the huge flow of customers who visit Bintang Plaza daily. 1.3 Products Nano Energy water flasks can release charges to the water with high amount of negative ions, which is good for our body. It can restore the water’s PH level to the ideal level, which is 7.0 to 7.4. Thus, it will change the water to alkaline water which benefit to health. The Nanotechnology breaks down water molecule into smaller possible size so that they are more easily absorbed by the body. Therefore, the taste of the water is smoother, sweeter and easily absorbed by our body cell as osmosis may occur easily. Drinking energized water regularly also kept us away from suffering different kind of health diseases. Moreover, the energized water penetrates deep into the body cells more easily, transfers nutrients to the body more efficient and takes away un-useful product from our body system, thus making us strong and healthy. 1.4 Sales and Promotion Promotion of the business will take place using a variety of methods, including advertising through distributing flyers from school to school, making banner, emails and telephone ordering. We will pay a few workers to distribute flyers from one place to another place. For examples, Curtin University and always all the secondary school in Miri, Sibu and Kuching. 1.5 Finance CEC Trading is a self-funding company as the initial shareholdings of RM 8000 will be injected by the major shareholder of the company (Vivian Ngu), and RM 5000 by other shareholders (Damilola, Faiznur Dilan, Wong Wen Yi and Wong Soon Siong). The company estimating the business will always show a positive value of cash surplus in every month for the first year of the operation. The company will not apply for any form of loans from outside party including bank in the first year of the operation. 2.0 BACKGROUND 2.1 Mission Statement CEC Trading Ltd. is not only aim to be one of the well-known Nano Energy water flasks traders in Malaysia but also aim to be the best water flasks trader in Malaysia. We want our product which is the unique Nano Energy water flask known as the best water flask in Malaysia as it is a beneficial product and it is made up of good quality. As well as any other company, we also would like to gain profit as much as possible. In order to attain our missions, our company will focus to the followings: 1. The Product: Our good which is Nano Energy Water Flask is made with 304 stainless steel. There is a filter inside the water flask which will be builded up from 13 kinds of natural materials such as tourmaline, zeolites, manifanshi, nano silver powder, kaolin earth, rare earth, far infrared stone, muyu stone, clay and others. The combinations of different kind of natural resources are approved scientifically to give highest efficiency to the water. 2. The Employees: The employees will be trained to do their own role efficiently. They will also be motivated by attending program which then they will produce better performance. 3. The Consumers: We are targeting adult as well as children and ageing people to consume our products since our product is available to any age. We would like to make sure that our customer satisfied with their purchases of the Nano Energy water flasks. For the capital, the amount capital needed to start the business is RM28,000. The amount of capital stated is needed to cover up all of the essential expenses that the business required to set up the business. The sum of capital that stated above is also needed to achieve a positive cash surplus in the first month. 2.2 Company History This is a new business which all started from the observation that we, the shareholders made. We had a discussion and came up with an idea of selling water flasks. The water flasks that our company planning to sell are water flasks with special features and benefits, which are the Nano Energy water flasks. This water flasks release charges of negative ions to the water and it is good for our health. In addition, the reason we chose to sell Nano Energy water flasks is due to the high demand of health products which needs a huge amount of money. On the other hand, we can also save the environment by reducing the use of plastic water bottle. Thus, by combining both of these situations, this company is set up. Furthermore, customers will not have to spend lots of money for their health products; instead they can buy the Nano Energy water flasks which only cost them MYR 28. 2.3 Business Goals The short-term goal of this company is to employ at least 5 persons full time on a salary of approximately MYR 4,900 per month. Our company planned to run our business within Sarawak for a start. The Nano Energy water flasks will be distributed to a few parts of Sarawak which are Miri (the main place of our business), Sibu and also Kuching. Furthermore, our company targeted to sell about 10500 water flasks in a year, which would probably increasing in the following month and gain a net profit at least MYR 65,200 for future investments. For the long term goal, our company wanted to expand the company into a bigger company by selling the Nano Energy water flasks to West Malaysia and Sabah. This is because we want to widen our market range and we would like to gain more profit. In order to achieve our long- term goal, we will analyse our weaknesses and strive to improve our business strategies. 3.0 MARKET CEC company is a trading company that buy product from a manufacturer (whole sellers) then sell to retailers which is to the shop we decided to sell our products. Then we sell our product to consumers. The new product we are introducing into the market is a product from Vuitton Silver Manufacturing Company that sells different types of water flask in Malaysia such as Vacuum water flask and Nano Energy water flask. The product we are introducing is Nano Energy water flask which helps to charge water with high amount of negative ion which are absorb by the body. Due to the fact that more than half of our body consists of water, water is an important element which is needed by everyone. Thus it is important that we consume healthy water daily. Nano Energy water flask can change the water ph level to be alkaline. Other than that, it can also breaks down water molecule into smaller size which then can be easily consume and the taste will be sweet and smooth. Furthermore, alkaline water ca n build up better immune body system thus prevent us from easily infected by diseases. For further information, drinking this energized water often also enhance our body’s metabolism and can concern about our beauty. However, the most important key point in drinking this energized water is keep us away from all kind of diseases. Due to the fact that our warehouse is in the state of Miri, Sarawak, our product can be found in Parkson which is in Sibu, Miri and Kuching. This water flask can be use by children as well as adult. 3.1 Market Analysis Due to the research carried out by the CEC Company, we found out that there is a lot of water flask that were on the market, but their functions are only to keep warm or keep cold. Thus, our company decided to do trading on a new type of water flask, which is for consumers’ health purpose. Another thing that the business concern about is about environmental friendly. 3.2 Seasonality The major of our sales revenues are in February to November. This is because there are no long holidays or school holidays. Thus, the customers might saw the advertisement for our product and purchased them. In the other hand, due to the holiday season such as Celebration or summer break periods, the people might be going out for vacation thus will decrease our sales revenues. 3.3 Competitors There are lots of competitors in the market who have products that perform same function with our product Nano Energy water flask, some of the companies are listed below: I. ENCHANCE PLASTIC INDUSTRY SDN BHD, MALAYSIA II. TAIZHUU GANGLUNG PLASTIC CO.LTD III. KSK GLOBALINK MANUFACTURING SDN BHD IV. ELLEDI (M)SDN BHD V. ZHEJIANG TYSESO INDUSTRY TRADE CO.LTD. VI. YONGKANG SHIQIANG HARDWARE PLASTIC CO.LTD 3.4 Market Overview The major target market of CEC Company is student, workers, athletes and the public in general. Nano Energy water flask produces storages where you can store your water to drink anytime which is tasty. Our product is convenient, easy and collectable, it is also attractive to the eyes as it will be in three colors – silver, red and black which makes the demand for the product higher because it is also affordable in terms of price. Other than that, we also provided telephone ordering for customer’s need. 3.5 SWOT Analysis We carried out an analysis on the market situation on our product with the use of SWOT analysis, which we make improvement in our business. SWOT Analysis represents the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the business. Through SWOT Analysis, it can guide the company to work on our weakness and threats where as maintain our performance regarding the strength and opportunities(citation business management). STRENGTH The strength is an initial factor which increases value for our business. The strength of nano energy water flask is to have been strong enough to get them a higher place in the labor market even with various imitations from other competitors who are in the market or wants to come into the market with similar products. It can be measured using internal assessment. Quality of the brand Strategic location Sustainability of the product Health care Light weigh of the product WEAKNESS Weakness is also an internal factor that decreases the value of the business. We need to analyze our company weaknesses so that we can make improvement based on them. Lack of marketing skill Lack of workers Limited budget Lack of advertisement Consistency of supplier OPPORTUNITIES Opportunities are external factors that add value in the business. The business needs strategies to perform better performance. Expose our products in other countries Special promotion during special events Improve the skills of workers THREATS Threats are the external factors that decrease the value in the business. The business need to be aware of the threats that may be occurred. Existence of substitute goods in the market Delayed of the products due to the transportation problems 3.6 MARKETING PLAN 3.6.1 Production/ Service Target Market The 2 main targets of doing this business are to improve the healthiness of consumers and to concern about the environment. Nano Energy water flask is a good product which helps to transform the water into alkaline water which is good for health. It is also convenient in the aspect of shape and size which makes it very easy to be carried around by anyone who needs a flask to store their water to take to either school or workplace and even to sport arenas. It is a stainless steel bottle which makes it more attractive and presentable. The fact that it is a stainless steel does not mean it going to get rust easily. On the other hand, since the product is made of stainless steel, it can be used for at least one year. Thus, we can be environmental friendly by saving the consumption of plastic water bottle. 3.6.2 Place Although the business is doing trading to Miri, Sibu and Kuching, our main business is in Miri. Nano Energy water flask is classified to be a household product, thus it can be found in Parkson, in the department where they sell household products. We also need a warehouse to store all our products. 3.6.3 Price Vuitton Silver Company supply Nano Energy water flask to the business with the cost of RM15 each. This cost will be derived after the deduction of all the money use in the production of the flask, such as buying of the machinery, steels, wages of employees, vehicle for distribution, insurance, rents and other expenses. After doing the analysis, our company tends to charge RM 28 for the product which can provide profits on every sales and this price can be afforded by customers. 3.6.4 Promotion and Advertisement Our company tends to alert the general public about nano energy water flask through various means in other for them to know about the product. A research was done on the strategies needed to promote the product in the market. As a result, we made use of the following promotional tools in the business. fliers and handbills posters and banners emails and telephone contact 3.7 Evaluation of Market CEC Company carried out an evaluation on the market, using the market strategy which is carried out at the end of every year to analyze the sales data of Nano Energy water flask to see it performances in the aspect of the quantity that has been sold and as well as profits made. Based on the cash flow forecast, we have cash surplus of RM 65,200 during the year. This proved that the promotions and sales have been done effectively. 4.0 OPERATIONS 4.1 Legal and Licensing Requirements (a) Business name and legal structure CEC Trading Ltd is a proprietary limited company. The company structure has already been registered and start up with five shareholders: Vivian Ngu Yen Shya (25% shareholding) Wong Wen Yi (18.75% shareholding) Faiznur Dilan binti David Ismadi (18.75% shareholding) Damilola (18.75% shareholding) Wong Soon Siong (18.75% shareholding) Who also serve as the directors of the entity. (b) Operating laws and licenses The business needed a license to run the business legally. 4.2 Management Details The managing director of the company will be: Vivian Ngu Yen Shya Home address: 175, Phase 2C1, Desa Senadin, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 656578 Fax: (085) 656579 Date of birth: 25 November 1991 Qualifications: Bachelor of Business (Double Major in Finance and Management) Experience: Management and Financial Advisors and owner of Wealth Spring Consultancies 1997 – 2003 4.3 Organizational Structure and Staffing Most of the job of the business will mainly be done by general manager. A warehouse is needed to store our products. General manager, sales manager and accountant will mainly be working in the warehouse. On the other hand, 3 marketing expertise and 2 drivers are needed in doing sales and also deliverance. General manager  · The duty of a general manager are to manage all business plans and the performance of the employees.  · Salary : RM 1000 à ¼ Sales manager * The duty of a sales manager is to deal and communicate with the owner of parkson in order to know the amount of sales revenue. * Salary : RM 700 à ¼ Accountant * The duty of accountant is to record the business transactions, summarizing and analyzing to produce financial statement in the end of the period. * Salary : RM 700 à ¼ Sales advisor * The duty of sales advisor is to approach customers and advise them to buy our product. * Salary : RM 500 à ¼ Driver * The duty of driver is to deliver the products to the destination and also help to transfer the products to the sales department. * Salary : RM500 4.4 Professional Advisers Accountant Sunlight Accountants 55, Sunshine Park, Tun Hussein Onn Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 668 132 Fax: (085) 668 133 Lawyer John Smith 28, Fortune Park, Desa Damai Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 636 732 Fax: (085) 636 735 Insurance broker Bank account May Bank Malasyia 279, Bank Street, Pujut Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Manager: Angeline Tan Ph: (085) 678 588 Fax: (085) 678 579 4.5 Business Premises Location CEC Trading Ltd will acquire a business premise as an office which deals with the paperwork and also warehouse as the storage for stocks and equipments. The ideal location would be located at shop lot where we can store and sell the stock. The premise will be located at Shop Lot 608, Medan Commercial Centre, 98007 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. The price tag for renting the shop lot will be RM 1,500 per month. The shop lot will be repairing and do some painting. The goods that we sell will be distributed to the hypermarket, Parkson in Miri, Sibu and Kuching. 4.6 Equipments Required The equipments that required for the business will be: Computers Printers Scanners Internet connections Fax machines Telephones Furniture (table, chair, shelves) The above equipments are some of the basic needs to run the daily business operation. The equipments required will change from time to time. 4.7 Production Processes Our company will get the stock from the supplier, Vuitton Silver. The estimated amount around 1000 of Nano Energy water flasks will be order from the supplier every month. Therefore, all the stocks will be store in the warehouse. Then, the workers will distribute some of the stock to Parkson. The working hour is from 8am to 5pm every day except on public holidays. There are different types of color of the water flask will be sold such as silver, black and red. The product will be sold at RM28 each for every types of color. The selling price is enough to cover all the expenses as the cost price of each water flask is RM 12. It is a reasonable price as these Nano Energy water flask is good for health and can solve the skin problems. However, the office is used as a place for the process of paperwork and storage of documents and equipments. The ordering of our company products and all the documents and accounts will be recorded down and will be kept. All the works in the office work will be done by the clerk and supervise by the manager. 4.8 Critical risks/Contingency Plans CEC Trading Ltd will organize training program to all staff members for professionalism in running the business and also for contingency plans. The training will be on how they going to promote and sell the water flask. Insurance will be bought for business premises. The aim is to recover some assets in case of any accidents such as fires, accidents and thefts as well. Those liability and car accident will be covered by the professional indemnity insurance. The injury to the managing director will be covered by workers compensation. 5.0 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS 5.1 Basic Assumptions and Information (a) Calculation of income and expenses Expenses are calculated based on research and management’s knowledge of costs. Income or sales revenue is assumed to be paid within the month issued. The impact of inflation or increases costs is not taking into consideration. Depreciation of equipments purchased and vehicle purchased in June 2010 is calculated using straight-line method, at 10% per annum. Gross cost of goods is RM 168,000. Drawing is RM 200 per month. The projection is for one year and the figures are in Ringgit Malaysia. (b) Financing of the business An investment of RM 28,000 will be invested into the business according to our shareholdings – Vivian Ngu Yen Shya RM 8,000, Wong Soon Siong RM 5,000, Wong Wen Yi RM 5,000, Faiznur Dilan binti David Ismadi RM 5,000 and Damilola RM 5,000. Sales income for June is based on early promotions, thus providing initial cash surplus and avoid the need for any short term debt financing. The operation financing strategy is showing a cash surplus in the bank accounts with total amounts of RM 70,700. The business will open a cheque account that provides electronic funds transfer facilities for customers. A minimum of two shareholder directors is needed to sign all the cheques for security reasons. (c) Distribution of profits Profits in the first year will be retained in the business. In future years, three quarters of the annual net profit after tax will be paid to the directors at the end of the financial year according to their shareholding and the remaining quarter will be kept as retained earnings. The Sales Mix Forecast, Cash Flow Forecast and The Trading Profit and Loss Statement is prepared according to generally acceptable accounting principles and conventions. (d) Goods and services tax All forecasts are net of tax. (e) Loans The firm has no current loans or debts. 5.2 Analysis of Financial Forecasts (a) Net profit margin is used to measure the company’s ability to earn a net income from sales. The net profit margin is calculated based on the first year of the projections. Net profit margin % = = = 22.18% Since this trading company is running the business for the first year, it is normal to get a relatively low figures of the margin. The margin is expected to increase in the next few years. Other than that, the company can use other ratios to do analysis on the financial statements in the coming years. (b) Break-even point Contribution margin is used to determine the amount of profit that is made towards payment of the fixed cost. Considered that cost of goods sold is the variable cost, the contribution margin is equal to sales minus variable costs. Gross profit margin = = = 57.14% The fixed cost is projected to be RM 102,800. Break-even point in value = == RM 180, 350.88 Accounting 062 May 28, 2010 5.2.1 Sales mix forecast 5.2.2 Cash flow forecast CEC CASH FLOW FORECAST for the period July 2010 to June 2011 June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May TOTAL Income Sales revenue RM 12,600 RM 19,600 RM 22,400 RM 22,400 RM 22,400 RM 16,800 RM 19,600 RM 28,000 RM 30,800 RM 32,200 RM 32,200 RM 35,000 RM 294,000 Capital 28,000 28,000 Total income 40,600 19,600 22,400 22,400 22,400 16,800 19,600 28,000 30,800 32,200 32,200 35,000 RM322,000 Analysis of Nano Energy Water Flask Company Analysis of Nano Energy Water Flask Company 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Business Idea and Goals CEC Trading Ltd. is a Nano Energy Water Flask trading company in Miri, Sarawak. The products that we sell are water flasks that release charges to the water with high amount of negative ions, which is good for our body. This company intends to be the best water flasks trader in Malaysia. It is because the water flasks that this company is selling are one of a kind. It also made up of good quality and the price is very affordable. Three elements that this company concentrates on in order to reach our goal are our customers, our supplier and our employees. The major shareholder of this company (Vivian Ngu) intended to initiate the business with more than 5 employees and sell approximately 10500 water flasks in the first year which will increase in rational amount in the following month. The company intends to generate at least MYR 294,000 in sales revenue and make MYR 65,200 profit in the end of its first year of trading. 1.2 Marketing The main targets of this business are customers; range from students to workers, most likely everyone. Our company has a warehouse for storing the water flasks and we had chosen a strategic place which is situated at Jalan Bintang, Shop Lot No. 68. On the other hand, our company is selling the Nano Energy water flasks in Parkson, which is located in a shopping mall named Bintang Plaza. The reason we chose Bintang Plaza as the main location for our business is because of the huge flow of customers who visit Bintang Plaza daily. 1.3 Products Nano Energy water flasks can release charges to the water with high amount of negative ions, which is good for our body. It can restore the water’s PH level to the ideal level, which is 7.0 to 7.4. Thus, it will change the water to alkaline water which benefit to health. The Nanotechnology breaks down water molecule into smaller possible size so that they are more easily absorbed by the body. Therefore, the taste of the water is smoother, sweeter and easily absorbed by our body cell as osmosis may occur easily. Drinking energized water regularly also kept us away from suffering different kind of health diseases. Moreover, the energized water penetrates deep into the body cells more easily, transfers nutrients to the body more efficient and takes away un-useful product from our body system, thus making us strong and healthy. 1.4 Sales and Promotion Promotion of the business will take place using a variety of methods, including advertising through distributing flyers from school to school, making banner, emails and telephone ordering. We will pay a few workers to distribute flyers from one place to another place. For examples, Curtin University and always all the secondary school in Miri, Sibu and Kuching. 1.5 Finance CEC Trading is a self-funding company as the initial shareholdings of RM 8000 will be injected by the major shareholder of the company (Vivian Ngu), and RM 5000 by other shareholders (Damilola, Faiznur Dilan, Wong Wen Yi and Wong Soon Siong). The company estimating the business will always show a positive value of cash surplus in every month for the first year of the operation. The company will not apply for any form of loans from outside party including bank in the first year of the operation. 2.0 BACKGROUND 2.1 Mission Statement CEC Trading Ltd. is not only aim to be one of the well-known Nano Energy water flasks traders in Malaysia but also aim to be the best water flasks trader in Malaysia. We want our product which is the unique Nano Energy water flask known as the best water flask in Malaysia as it is a beneficial product and it is made up of good quality. As well as any other company, we also would like to gain profit as much as possible. In order to attain our missions, our company will focus to the followings: 1. The Product: Our good which is Nano Energy Water Flask is made with 304 stainless steel. There is a filter inside the water flask which will be builded up from 13 kinds of natural materials such as tourmaline, zeolites, manifanshi, nano silver powder, kaolin earth, rare earth, far infrared stone, muyu stone, clay and others. The combinations of different kind of natural resources are approved scientifically to give highest efficiency to the water. 2. The Employees: The employees will be trained to do their own role efficiently. They will also be motivated by attending program which then they will produce better performance. 3. The Consumers: We are targeting adult as well as children and ageing people to consume our products since our product is available to any age. We would like to make sure that our customer satisfied with their purchases of the Nano Energy water flasks. For the capital, the amount capital needed to start the business is RM28,000. The amount of capital stated is needed to cover up all of the essential expenses that the business required to set up the business. The sum of capital that stated above is also needed to achieve a positive cash surplus in the first month. 2.2 Company History This is a new business which all started from the observation that we, the shareholders made. We had a discussion and came up with an idea of selling water flasks. The water flasks that our company planning to sell are water flasks with special features and benefits, which are the Nano Energy water flasks. This water flasks release charges of negative ions to the water and it is good for our health. In addition, the reason we chose to sell Nano Energy water flasks is due to the high demand of health products which needs a huge amount of money. On the other hand, we can also save the environment by reducing the use of plastic water bottle. Thus, by combining both of these situations, this company is set up. Furthermore, customers will not have to spend lots of money for their health products; instead they can buy the Nano Energy water flasks which only cost them MYR 28. 2.3 Business Goals The short-term goal of this company is to employ at least 5 persons full time on a salary of approximately MYR 4,900 per month. Our company planned to run our business within Sarawak for a start. The Nano Energy water flasks will be distributed to a few parts of Sarawak which are Miri (the main place of our business), Sibu and also Kuching. Furthermore, our company targeted to sell about 10500 water flasks in a year, which would probably increasing in the following month and gain a net profit at least MYR 65,200 for future investments. For the long term goal, our company wanted to expand the company into a bigger company by selling the Nano Energy water flasks to West Malaysia and Sabah. This is because we want to widen our market range and we would like to gain more profit. In order to achieve our long- term goal, we will analyse our weaknesses and strive to improve our business strategies. 3.0 MARKET CEC company is a trading company that buy product from a manufacturer (whole sellers) then sell to retailers which is to the shop we decided to sell our products. Then we sell our product to consumers. The new product we are introducing into the market is a product from Vuitton Silver Manufacturing Company that sells different types of water flask in Malaysia such as Vacuum water flask and Nano Energy water flask. The product we are introducing is Nano Energy water flask which helps to charge water with high amount of negative ion which are absorb by the body. Due to the fact that more than half of our body consists of water, water is an important element which is needed by everyone. Thus it is important that we consume healthy water daily. Nano Energy water flask can change the water ph level to be alkaline. Other than that, it can also breaks down water molecule into smaller size which then can be easily consume and the taste will be sweet and smooth. Furthermore, alkaline water ca n build up better immune body system thus prevent us from easily infected by diseases. For further information, drinking this energized water often also enhance our body’s metabolism and can concern about our beauty. However, the most important key point in drinking this energized water is keep us away from all kind of diseases. Due to the fact that our warehouse is in the state of Miri, Sarawak, our product can be found in Parkson which is in Sibu, Miri and Kuching. This water flask can be use by children as well as adult. 3.1 Market Analysis Due to the research carried out by the CEC Company, we found out that there is a lot of water flask that were on the market, but their functions are only to keep warm or keep cold. Thus, our company decided to do trading on a new type of water flask, which is for consumers’ health purpose. Another thing that the business concern about is about environmental friendly. 3.2 Seasonality The major of our sales revenues are in February to November. This is because there are no long holidays or school holidays. Thus, the customers might saw the advertisement for our product and purchased them. In the other hand, due to the holiday season such as Celebration or summer break periods, the people might be going out for vacation thus will decrease our sales revenues. 3.3 Competitors There are lots of competitors in the market who have products that perform same function with our product Nano Energy water flask, some of the companies are listed below: I. ENCHANCE PLASTIC INDUSTRY SDN BHD, MALAYSIA II. TAIZHUU GANGLUNG PLASTIC CO.LTD III. KSK GLOBALINK MANUFACTURING SDN BHD IV. ELLEDI (M)SDN BHD V. ZHEJIANG TYSESO INDUSTRY TRADE CO.LTD. VI. YONGKANG SHIQIANG HARDWARE PLASTIC CO.LTD 3.4 Market Overview The major target market of CEC Company is student, workers, athletes and the public in general. Nano Energy water flask produces storages where you can store your water to drink anytime which is tasty. Our product is convenient, easy and collectable, it is also attractive to the eyes as it will be in three colors – silver, red and black which makes the demand for the product higher because it is also affordable in terms of price. Other than that, we also provided telephone ordering for customer’s need. 3.5 SWOT Analysis We carried out an analysis on the market situation on our product with the use of SWOT analysis, which we make improvement in our business. SWOT Analysis represents the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the business. Through SWOT Analysis, it can guide the company to work on our weakness and threats where as maintain our performance regarding the strength and opportunities(citation business management). STRENGTH The strength is an initial factor which increases value for our business. The strength of nano energy water flask is to have been strong enough to get them a higher place in the labor market even with various imitations from other competitors who are in the market or wants to come into the market with similar products. It can be measured using internal assessment. Quality of the brand Strategic location Sustainability of the product Health care Light weigh of the product WEAKNESS Weakness is also an internal factor that decreases the value of the business. We need to analyze our company weaknesses so that we can make improvement based on them. Lack of marketing skill Lack of workers Limited budget Lack of advertisement Consistency of supplier OPPORTUNITIES Opportunities are external factors that add value in the business. The business needs strategies to perform better performance. Expose our products in other countries Special promotion during special events Improve the skills of workers THREATS Threats are the external factors that decrease the value in the business. The business need to be aware of the threats that may be occurred. Existence of substitute goods in the market Delayed of the products due to the transportation problems 3.6 MARKETING PLAN 3.6.1 Production/ Service Target Market The 2 main targets of doing this business are to improve the healthiness of consumers and to concern about the environment. Nano Energy water flask is a good product which helps to transform the water into alkaline water which is good for health. It is also convenient in the aspect of shape and size which makes it very easy to be carried around by anyone who needs a flask to store their water to take to either school or workplace and even to sport arenas. It is a stainless steel bottle which makes it more attractive and presentable. The fact that it is a stainless steel does not mean it going to get rust easily. On the other hand, since the product is made of stainless steel, it can be used for at least one year. Thus, we can be environmental friendly by saving the consumption of plastic water bottle. 3.6.2 Place Although the business is doing trading to Miri, Sibu and Kuching, our main business is in Miri. Nano Energy water flask is classified to be a household product, thus it can be found in Parkson, in the department where they sell household products. We also need a warehouse to store all our products. 3.6.3 Price Vuitton Silver Company supply Nano Energy water flask to the business with the cost of RM15 each. This cost will be derived after the deduction of all the money use in the production of the flask, such as buying of the machinery, steels, wages of employees, vehicle for distribution, insurance, rents and other expenses. After doing the analysis, our company tends to charge RM 28 for the product which can provide profits on every sales and this price can be afforded by customers. 3.6.4 Promotion and Advertisement Our company tends to alert the general public about nano energy water flask through various means in other for them to know about the product. A research was done on the strategies needed to promote the product in the market. As a result, we made use of the following promotional tools in the business. fliers and handbills posters and banners emails and telephone contact 3.7 Evaluation of Market CEC Company carried out an evaluation on the market, using the market strategy which is carried out at the end of every year to analyze the sales data of Nano Energy water flask to see it performances in the aspect of the quantity that has been sold and as well as profits made. Based on the cash flow forecast, we have cash surplus of RM 65,200 during the year. This proved that the promotions and sales have been done effectively. 4.0 OPERATIONS 4.1 Legal and Licensing Requirements (a) Business name and legal structure CEC Trading Ltd is a proprietary limited company. The company structure has already been registered and start up with five shareholders: Vivian Ngu Yen Shya (25% shareholding) Wong Wen Yi (18.75% shareholding) Faiznur Dilan binti David Ismadi (18.75% shareholding) Damilola (18.75% shareholding) Wong Soon Siong (18.75% shareholding) Who also serve as the directors of the entity. (b) Operating laws and licenses The business needed a license to run the business legally. 4.2 Management Details The managing director of the company will be: Vivian Ngu Yen Shya Home address: 175, Phase 2C1, Desa Senadin, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 656578 Fax: (085) 656579 Date of birth: 25 November 1991 Qualifications: Bachelor of Business (Double Major in Finance and Management) Experience: Management and Financial Advisors and owner of Wealth Spring Consultancies 1997 – 2003 4.3 Organizational Structure and Staffing Most of the job of the business will mainly be done by general manager. A warehouse is needed to store our products. General manager, sales manager and accountant will mainly be working in the warehouse. On the other hand, 3 marketing expertise and 2 drivers are needed in doing sales and also deliverance. General manager  · The duty of a general manager are to manage all business plans and the performance of the employees.  · Salary : RM 1000 à ¼ Sales manager * The duty of a sales manager is to deal and communicate with the owner of parkson in order to know the amount of sales revenue. * Salary : RM 700 à ¼ Accountant * The duty of accountant is to record the business transactions, summarizing and analyzing to produce financial statement in the end of the period. * Salary : RM 700 à ¼ Sales advisor * The duty of sales advisor is to approach customers and advise them to buy our product. * Salary : RM 500 à ¼ Driver * The duty of driver is to deliver the products to the destination and also help to transfer the products to the sales department. * Salary : RM500 4.4 Professional Advisers Accountant Sunlight Accountants 55, Sunshine Park, Tun Hussein Onn Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 668 132 Fax: (085) 668 133 Lawyer John Smith 28, Fortune Park, Desa Damai Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Ph: (085) 636 732 Fax: (085) 636 735 Insurance broker Bank account May Bank Malasyia 279, Bank Street, Pujut Road, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Manager: Angeline Tan Ph: (085) 678 588 Fax: (085) 678 579 4.5 Business Premises Location CEC Trading Ltd will acquire a business premise as an office which deals with the paperwork and also warehouse as the storage for stocks and equipments. The ideal location would be located at shop lot where we can store and sell the stock. The premise will be located at Shop Lot 608, Medan Commercial Centre, 98007 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. The price tag for renting the shop lot will be RM 1,500 per month. The shop lot will be repairing and do some painting. The goods that we sell will be distributed to the hypermarket, Parkson in Miri, Sibu and Kuching. 4.6 Equipments Required The equipments that required for the business will be: Computers Printers Scanners Internet connections Fax machines Telephones Furniture (table, chair, shelves) The above equipments are some of the basic needs to run the daily business operation. The equipments required will change from time to time. 4.7 Production Processes Our company will get the stock from the supplier, Vuitton Silver. The estimated amount around 1000 of Nano Energy water flasks will be order from the supplier every month. Therefore, all the stocks will be store in the warehouse. Then, the workers will distribute some of the stock to Parkson. The working hour is from 8am to 5pm every day except on public holidays. There are different types of color of the water flask will be sold such as silver, black and red. The product will be sold at RM28 each for every types of color. The selling price is enough to cover all the expenses as the cost price of each water flask is RM 12. It is a reasonable price as these Nano Energy water flask is good for health and can solve the skin problems. However, the office is used as a place for the process of paperwork and storage of documents and equipments. The ordering of our company products and all the documents and accounts will be recorded down and will be kept. All the works in the office work will be done by the clerk and supervise by the manager. 4.8 Critical risks/Contingency Plans CEC Trading Ltd will organize training program to all staff members for professionalism in running the business and also for contingency plans. The training will be on how they going to promote and sell the water flask. Insurance will be bought for business premises. The aim is to recover some assets in case of any accidents such as fires, accidents and thefts as well. Those liability and car accident will be covered by the professional indemnity insurance. The injury to the managing director will be covered by workers compensation. 5.0 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS 5.1 Basic Assumptions and Information (a) Calculation of income and expenses Expenses are calculated based on research and management’s knowledge of costs. Income or sales revenue is assumed to be paid within the month issued. The impact of inflation or increases costs is not taking into consideration. Depreciation of equipments purchased and vehicle purchased in June 2010 is calculated using straight-line method, at 10% per annum. Gross cost of goods is RM 168,000. Drawing is RM 200 per month. The projection is for one year and the figures are in Ringgit Malaysia. (b) Financing of the business An investment of RM 28,000 will be invested into the business according to our shareholdings – Vivian Ngu Yen Shya RM 8,000, Wong Soon Siong RM 5,000, Wong Wen Yi RM 5,000, Faiznur Dilan binti David Ismadi RM 5,000 and Damilola RM 5,000. Sales income for June is based on early promotions, thus providing initial cash surplus and avoid the need for any short term debt financing. The operation financing strategy is showing a cash surplus in the bank accounts with total amounts of RM 70,700. The business will open a cheque account that provides electronic funds transfer facilities for customers. A minimum of two shareholder directors is needed to sign all the cheques for security reasons. (c) Distribution of profits Profits in the first year will be retained in the business. In future years, three quarters of the annual net profit after tax will be paid to the directors at the end of the financial year according to their shareholding and the remaining quarter will be kept as retained earnings. The Sales Mix Forecast, Cash Flow Forecast and The Trading Profit and Loss Statement is prepared according to generally acceptable accounting principles and conventions. (d) Goods and services tax All forecasts are net of tax. (e) Loans The firm has no current loans or debts. 5.2 Analysis of Financial Forecasts (a) Net profit margin is used to measure the company’s ability to earn a net income from sales. The net profit margin is calculated based on the first year of the projections. Net profit margin % = = = 22.18% Since this trading company is running the business for the first year, it is normal to get a relatively low figures of the margin. The margin is expected to increase in the next few years. Other than that, the company can use other ratios to do analysis on the financial statements in the coming years. (b) Break-even point Contribution margin is used to determine the amount of profit that is made towards payment of the fixed cost. Considered that cost of goods sold is the variable cost, the contribution margin is equal to sales minus variable costs. Gross profit margin = = = 57.14% The fixed cost is projected to be RM 102,800. Break-even point in value = == RM 180, 350.88 Accounting 062 May 28, 2010 5.2.1 Sales mix forecast 5.2.2 Cash flow forecast CEC CASH FLOW FORECAST for the period July 2010 to June 2011 June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May TOTAL Income Sales revenue RM 12,600 RM 19,600 RM 22,400 RM 22,400 RM 22,400 RM 16,800 RM 19,600 RM 28,000 RM 30,800 RM 32,200 RM 32,200 RM 35,000 RM 294,000 Capital 28,000 28,000 Total income 40,600 19,600 22,400 22,400 22,400 16,800 19,600 28,000 30,800 32,200 32,200 35,000 RM322,000

Fear of Death

Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble.The best way to overcome it – as at least it seems to me – is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river – small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being.The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done. Fear of Death Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble.The best way to overcome it – as at least it seems to me – is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river – small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being.The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.

Frankenstein Analysis

When a life is created, whoever has created such life would cherish it, care for it, teach it right from wrong, and nurture it for its life. A parent or guardian of a child would be held responsible for the acts their child commits, no matter if it be great or small. Victor Frankenstein took life into his own hands, moulded it, sculpted it, and formed a living creature from pieces of already deceased humans. Frankenstein, after successfully creating life, rejected his own creation, did not give any second thought as he abandoned his own Creature. From this rejection the Creature feels only rejection, he is not able to find acceptance where he goes and is filled with depression, turmoil, and great anger at his creator. From then on, the Creature goes down a destructive path, not knowing any better. As the creator, Victor Frankenstein should be responsible for the Creatures faults, rather than playing God and abandoning his creation within the first few moments of its life. From the Creatures first moments of life, it has suffered rejection of its own creator, and by every other person who comes into contact with it. Frankenstein deemed his creation and â€Å"his features as beautiful. Beautiful! †(43), yet when the creature first arouse, as life filled its once deceased body, Frankenstein wanted nothing more than to escape from the room that held his creation, and put everything he had done behind him, he had â€Å"rushed out of the room and continued a long time traversing [his] bed-chamber, unable to compose [his] mind to sleep†(44). Victor did nothing more than put it behind him, after months upon months of preparation and work. As the creator, Victor had some obligation to his creature; they were bound through this act of God. The Creature’s appearance threw off all whom he tried to get close to, all those who came into contact with him believed him to be a monster, nothing more. The Creature was believed to be evil, as if he were born evil, that the misery he suffers from was not what had caused him to become destructive, and vengeful. The rejection of all cause the Creature to become the evil Monster people believe him to be, he believes a small innocent hild can accept him for the way he looks and too is rejected, along with the rejection of the DeLacey’s from whom he learned how to live a human life. The constant rejection is what leads to the Creatures change from innocent new life, to a destructive monster, which could have been changed if Victor had taken responsibility for his own creation. If Victor had welcomes his creation with open arms, all events could have been avoided, there wo uld be no deaths and the Creature could have been a marvel to the world. Life is precious, to abandon a life is simple, Victor Frankenstein took the simple route out of his mistake, he did not take responsibility for anything his own creation did and only tried to put it behind him in his life, to ensure his own safety. The creature wandered aimlessly through his new life, becoming corrupt as his time passed. If Frankenstein had taken the time to realize what he had been doing while playing God he could’ve put an end to it all before any mistakes were made. A life, even as horrendous in appearance as the Creature, should be cherished.

American History Study Notes - 1649 Words

History Questions (Order # A2059769) On June 17, 1972 police arrested five men in connection to a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate building in Washington, DC. Because of the scandal that resulted, there were a number of political effects on succeeding presidential administrations. One of the most significant outcomes of Watergate scandal was the defining of an obscure presidential power: executive privilege. Because of the existence of a secret campaign fund which financed the break-in, after the scandal broke, both Congress and the Supreme Court seriously altered the issue of campaign finance. And finally, the Watergate scandal altered the relationship between the media and politicians; giving the media the excuse for scrutinizing the most private aspects of a politicians personal life. In 1981, Ronald Reagan made Supply Side Economics the main economic policy for his presidential administration. This was the idea that lower taxes would spur economic growth, expand the economy, and ultimately increase tax revenue for the government. However, his opponents called his idea Voodoo Economics, and was a controversial idea because of the concept that lowering the tax rates for businesses would indeed increase government tax revenues. Many critics felt that it flew in the face of logic, and the only effect that lowering tax rates would have would be to lower tax revenues. (Supply Side Economics) Three years later, on AugustShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Among Black or African Population Gcu1095 Words   |  5 PagesPromotion Among Black or African American Population [Your Name] Grand Canyon University: Family-Centered Health Promotion(NRS-429V) January 10, 2016  Health Promotion Among Black or African American Population The Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2015) notes that â€Å"Starting in 1997, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) requires federal agencies to use a minimum of five race categories: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, AsianRead MoreThis Study Is A Continuation Of Research Conducted By The1323 Words   |  6 PagesThis study is a continuation of research conducted by the faculty members and doctoral students from the School of Professional Psychology (SOPP) at Wright State University. Cheryl Meyer, J.D., Ph.D., is the current primary investigator in this research project. She worked with the late Betty Yung, Ph.D., and numerous doctoral students from SOPP on this research. Since its inception, this research has produced three dissertations. These dissertations were concerned with the following topics: suicideRead MoreGo Sound the Trumpet: An Over View Of Lynching in America1034 Words   |  5 Pageslynching events in America but it has progressed into different levels over the years to prevent African- Americans from getting a voice in America’s society. Such as, using lynching as punishment for people’s actions that were not accepted to the public community, a source of intimidation and protection of white women. Majority of white men and women tried every way to keep African- Americans at the bottom of society. Like, when blacks were free from slavery however were still not able to participateRead More A Comparison of Schools in the U.S. and Japan Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pagesor how they should be. Students follow the school rules and the directions of teachers. In American schools, on the other hand, students have to be more indep endent than Japanese students in many ways. Because of differences between Japanese and American schools, Japanese students who begin to study in an American school are shocked, and they take a pretty long time to adjust themselves to the way of American schools. Differences between schools in the two countries are seen in classrooms and duringRead MoreWriting About Hospitality And Tourism Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pagesdata in the form of a performance, or dialogue between characters (Parry Johnson, 2007). Collective stories drawn from interview transcripts, field notes, memos, and other research data, help to create a fictionalized narrative (Solà ³rzano Yosso, 2002). Within the narrative are fictionalized characters based on interview transcripts and field notes. Cook and Dixson (2013) posit that characters in collective stories are often representative of several participants rather than just a single participantRead MoreThomas Jefferson And Modern Geography1175 Words   |  5 PagesKoelsch’s article on Thomas Jefferson, American Geographers, and the Uses of Geography Koelsch makes the argument for the reanalysis of Jefferson’s geographic prowess as basis for his title as the â€Å"Father of Modern Geography† (Koelsch, 2010). If we know the current state of modern geography, we can then trace the influencers of the current philosophical approach to spatial thinking through our history books to then find the impact of Thomas Jefferson’s influence on the study of geography and how his influenceRead MoreWhat Are The Three Most Important Things You Learned This Fall?954 Words   |  4 Pagesother many important locations on campus. Being a college student is not only about studying but also about making friends. Joining the campus activities was one of the most helpful thing for me, I met many American students who are friendly and happy to help me to be familiar with the American life. Plagiarism could be one of the bigges t problems among the students, no matter in America or other countries. Staffs from OU Academic Integrity they told us the rules about the plagiarism in OU, thereRead MoreThe History and Importance of Cotton679 Words   |  3 Pagesleading export and it was one of the world’s largest suppliers of the plant. Cotton allowed for the United States’ economy to drastically boom, for most of the world’s supply of cotton came from the American Southern soil. The cotton industry, powered by the extensive and tedious labor of the African American slaves, generated enormous sums of money for the United States. â€Å"In many respects, cotton’s financial and political influence in the 19th century can be compared to that of the oil industry in theRead MoreNative American Cultures And Societies1367 Words   |  6 PagesNative American cultures and societies were without a doubt dynamic. Each society and their culture were comprised of various aspects including: crea tion stories, morals, beliefs and overall ways of living. Native Americans would base their beliefs on scientific, religious, or mythological studies. Unfortunately, with each society’s different style of living, it would lead to the demise of many tribes. External structural forces are circumstances that are beyond our control. It contains larger forcesRead MoreAfrican American Studies : The Matrix Of American Ethnic Studies972 Words   |  4 Pagespresence of Ethnic Studies in Academia. These â€Å"Area† Focused disciplines tries to distinguish their goals apart from other disciplines, which encourages Ethnic Studies to constantly change. Using Color-Line To Borderlands: The Matrix of American Ethnic Studies, I will focus on the following Ethnic Studies and their goals: African American Studies, Women’s Studies, Chicano/a Studies, Native American Studies, and Asian American Studies, and Queer Studies. African American studies, which can be seen